ABSTRACT
Endosymbiont bacteria can affect biological parameters and reduce the effectiveness of natural enemies in controlling the target insect. The objective of this work was to identify endosymbiont bacteria in Anaphes nitens (Girault, 1928) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), the main natural enemy used to manage Gonipterus platensis (Marelli, 1926) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Genomic DNA from six A. nitens populations was extracted and polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were performed with the primers to detect endosymbiont bacteria in this insect. The PCR products were amplified, sequenced, and compared with sequences deposited in the GenBank for the bacteria identification. All A. nitens populations had the bacterium Yersinia massiliensis (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). This bacterium was originally described as free-living, and it is associated with and composes part of the A. nitens microbiota. This is the first report of Y. massiliensis in an insect host.
As bactérias endossimbiontes podem afetar os parâmetros biológicos e reduzirem a eficácia de inimigos naturais no controle do inseto alvo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar bactérias endossimbiontes em Anaphes nitens (Girault, 1928) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae), o principal inimigo natural usado no manejo de Gonipterus platensis (Marelli, 1926) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). O DNA genômico de seis populações de A. nitens foi extraído e as reações em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) realizadas com os primers para detectar bactérias endossimbiontes neste inseto. Os produtos de PCR foram amplificados, sequenciados e comparados com as sequências depositadas no GenBank para identificação das bactérias. Todas as populações de A. nitens tinham a bactéria Yersinia massiliensis (Enterobacteriales: Enterobacteriaceae). Esta bactéria foi originalmente descrita como de vida livre e está associada e compõe parte da microbiota de A. nitens. Este é o primeiro relato de Y. massiliensis em um hospedeiro.
Subject(s)
Animals , Weevils , Hymenoptera/genetics , Yersinia/genetics , Enterobacteriaceae/geneticsABSTRACT
1. Strains of Yearsinia enterocolitica, Y. intermedia, Y frederiksenii and Y. kristensenii from non-human sources were examined for virulence factors. Four of these strains were positive for autoagglutination, three were calcium dependent at 37-C, three produced lipase, five had the ability to bind Congo red, six had pyrazinamidase activity, and two had a 42 MDa plasmid. 2. One strain (Y. enterocolitica 0:5) was lethal for mice and had the ability to invade guinea pig eyes and HeLa cells. After inoculation of mice by the intravenous route, this strain was isolated from the cecum. The spleen, liver, kidneys and lymph nodes presented necrosis. After intragastric inoculation, the strain was isolated from all of the organs and tissues examined. 3. Three of the remaining strains invaded HeLa cells but none caused guinea pig conjunctivitis. 4. After intragastric inoculation, all the strains were isolated from the cecum but disappeared between dys 3 and 6. After intravenous infection, three strains produced necrosis of the spleen and were more invasive, eliciting infection in various organs. The remaining strains caused hypertrophy and hyperplasua of Peyer's patches and/or lymph nodes. 5. These results indicate that Y. enterocolitica 0:5 can be considered as virulent as typical European Y. enterocolitica strains. The remaining strains perphaps induce a weak immune response independent of virulence factors